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1. The economy
With the effects of austerity taking their toll and fears building about long-term capacity for growth, it is little wonder that Italy's economic situation has taken centre stage in the election campaign.
The country is now in its longest recession in 20 years, the economy having contracted for the last six consecutive quarters and languished in more than a decade of almost non-existent growth. Unemployment is at more than 11%; for under-25s, it is more than 36%. Italy has the second highest ratio of sovereign debt to GDP in the EU.
It could have been worse. In autumn 2011, when Mario Monti took over after years of successive governments largely ignoring the problem, there were fears that the EU's fourth largest economy might fall into the abyss and drag the rest of the eurozone with it. The technocrat government avoided that disaster scenario and has done much to restore the markets' faith in Italy. Late last year, before the spectre of a Silvio Berlusconi comeback unsettled matters, 10-year bond yields were at a two-year low. It has implemented reforms – including of the pension system and labour market – that are viewed as a crucial part of long-term recovery and could, according to the IMF, lead to a 6% increase in GDP if properly implemented.
But economists say much more needs to be done to effect the kind of deep and lasting change needed to get Italy growing again. They focus on Italy's lack of competitiveness; its untapped labour market resources – women and young people; a thorough reform of product markets and of crucial institutions such as the justice and education systems. Only once these have been properly tackled, they say, will Italy be in a position to capitalise on its strengths, which include a strong manufacturing base, successful exporters, relatively low budget deficit and relatively high domestic savings. The big fear, however, is that the election will not usher in a strong, responsible government, but yet more political instability, which Italy can ill afford.
2. Treatment of women
Two years after hundreds of thousands of Italian women took to the streets to protest against Berlusconi's bunga bunga politics, they still have a fight on their hands. Held back by ingrained cultural attitudes, inadequate public services and political under-representation, they may have better educational qualifications than their male counterparts but they are significantly less likely to be in paid work.
Italy's female employment rate is, according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 46.5% – better only than Greece, Mexico and Turkey among advanced economies, and 12 percentage points below the EU average. (The disparity is far more acute in the south than in the north, where childcare provision is better and traditional attitudes less dominant.)
'It's a country in which women are still very connected to a traditional vision of their role. Care work is work principally done by women. So we find ourselves in a situation where women aren't getting work,' said Maddalena Vianello, a leading feminist activist. 'If they get it, statistics show that they are more precarious, worse paid and in professional positions which, let's say, are inferior in relation to their level of education.'
The fact that the country's women are a hugely under-utilised resource is starting to gain some traction in political discourse, but the jury is out on whether the next government will translate the rhetoric into action.
One step towards keeping the issue on the agenda would be, of course, a big increase in the number of women in positions of political power. (There is a low base: at the moment, for instance, not one of the country's 50 biggest towns and cities has a female mayor.) According to an analysis of candidate lists published last week, the centre left has responded better to public demand for greater equality, with women making up 39% of the Democratic party's candidates for the lower house of parliament.
3. The justice system
Slow-moving, hugely bloated and sometimes alarmingly politicised, Italy's justice system needs fixing. In a critical report last year, the Council of Europe's top official for human rights, Nils Muiznieks, said Italy could 'ill-afford' such an inefficient system, which is estimated to waste the equivalent of 1% of GDP. 'The complexity and magnitude of the problem is such that Italy needs nothing short of a holistic rethinking of its judicial and procedural system, as well as a shift in judicial culture,' he wrote of the country's 'excessive' court proceedings.
Paula Severino, the justice minister under Mario Monti, attempted to improve the situation by pushing through reforms and cuts she estimated would make savings of €80m and improve efficiency. But she warned that, just as Rome wasn't built in a day, a system that was the product of 150 years of mismanagement and waste was not going to be put right in the short term of a technocratic government.
Italy is one of the most litigious countries in Europe, with more than 2.8m cases brought in 2011 alone, and has by far the most lawyers of any EU country – around 240,000. But the system simply cannot cope. Last year Severino said there were backlogs of 5.5m civil and 3.4m criminal cases waiting to be heard, with the former taking an average of seven to eight years to complete and the latter five. The system is clogged up with a vast number of appeals – Italy's top appeals court reviews more than 80,000 of them a year – and, in 2011, €84m was paid out by the state in compensation for miscarriages of justice and legal delays, along with €46m for people wrongly jailed.
A shockingly high proportion of inmates in Italy's overcrowded prisons are awaiting trial. Meanwhile, others remain free pending appeals against lower court convictions. Berlusconi, for instance, was convicted of tax fraud last year. He is appealing against the verdict and is campaigning for a fourth election victory. Often, by the time defendants have completed the two appeals to which they are entitled, the statute of limitations has expired and the slate is wiped clean.
4. Organised crime and corruption
If there is one industry in Italy that has not suffered from the economic crisis, it is organised crime. It is a sector that booms year in, year out. With three significant mafia organisations – the 'Ndrangheta, the Camorra and the Sicilian mafia – the country remains a hub of organised illicit activity, even if the nature of that activity is changing with the times. Long gone are the days when the scourge was confined to the south; mafiosi now operate throughout the country and beyond. The 'Ndrangheta, for instance, has its roots in Calabria but dominates the European cocaine trade and the huge contracts being put out for tender at Milan's Expo 2015 are under particular scrutiny for signs of mafia involvement.
Long gone too is the image of the gun-toting Godfather-esque gangster: the mafia, while remaining strong in areas such as drug trafficking and prostitution, have also moved into industries such as transport and public health.
During the recession organised crime groups took advantage of ordinary Italians' plight, offering loans to individuals or businesses with extortionate rates of interest, thus making a whole new group of people beholden to them. According to a report last year by anti-crime group SOS Impresa, the people acting effectively as loan sharks are likely to be apparently respectable professionals. 'This is extortion with a clean face,' it said.
Estimates of how much this shadow economy is worth vary wildly. Last year a government-funded report put the figure at €10.5bn, or 0.7% of GDP, while a study by Bocconi University in Milan claimed it was more like 10.9%. Whatever the sum, the problems are clear.
Just as pernicious is the corruption that bleeds the state of billions of euros every year. Twenty years after the Tangentopoli bribery scandal brought an end to Italy's postwar political order or so-called First Republic, the stench of corruption still lingers. Only last week a series of arrests and graft allegations prompted Monti to compare the situation to that of the early 1990s. 'The return of Tangentopoli,' declared La Repubblica in a front-page headline, running an editorial entitled Sins of the Elite.
According to an estimate by the state auditor, corruption siphons off €60bn a year from Italy's public coffers – a sum it has denounced as an 'immoral and hidden tax paid with money stolen from citizens' pockets'. In recent years a series of scandals involving high-profile figures – often politicians – have infuriated people struggling in the recession. Questioned by Transparency International (TI) last year, 65% of people thought corruption had got worse over the past three years and 64% thought the government had been ineffective in attempts to stop it.
In a bid to curb that disillusionment and crack down on graft, Monti's government passed a watered-down anti-corruption law in the autumn increasing jail sentences and banning those convicted (definitively) of corruption from running for public office. It was hailed as a modest step forward but, according to TI, which ranked Italy 72nd of 174 countries in its corruption perceptions index last year, more needs to be done. 'This is a first step. Sometimes it's easy to have the law approved but now Italy needs to implement it,' said its regional spokeswoman, Valentina Rigamonti. 'One of the issues with Italy is we have a very complex legislation; we have huge numbers of laws but most of them are only on paper and there is no implementation. This can give space for corruption.' TI also wants to see more protection for whistleblowers and an independent anti-corruption body, she said.
5. Politics
Italy has had more governments than any other big European power since the second world war. Only one government has lasted the full five-year term since 1945. In this election, the number of different possible outcomes and permutations is daunting even for the most dedicated student of Italian politics. Apathy and disenchantment are rife. 'I've developed a sort of sickness from politics,' said first-time voter Gianmarco Caprio. 'Here in Italy we get so much of it – on TV, or just when you hear people talk in a bar, that one can reach the point of saturation. I've had enough of politics, and of the same politicians that dare to come out and still make the same old populistic claims.'
One outcome, by no means to be ruled out, would neatly encapsulate the vapidity of Italian politics: if the centre-right wins the lower house but no one controls the senate, the most likely upshot would be … further elections. And political and economic mayhem.
6.The north-south divide
In 1861, the year of Italy's birth, unification pioneer Massimo d'Azeglio declared: 'We have made Italy; now we must make Italians.' To what extent this task been accomplished remains, more than 150 years later, unclear. The disparity between wealthy north and poorer south is one of the country's most impervious and worrying problems.
According to the Bank of Italy, GDP per person is more than 40% lower in the south than in the centre and north – a situation that has endured for the past 30 years and has only worsened with the current recession. Unemployment, while on the rise throughout, has become particularly acute in the Mezzogiorno, the southern regions, particularly among young people and women.
In his valedictory New Year's Eve speech, President Giorgio Napolitano repeatedly drew attention to the issue, speaking of the urgent need to invest in the south which, he said, was home to 70% of all children in Italy living in relative poverty. Italy, he stressed, needed a vision of economic growth for 'the whole country'.
Unfortunately this kind of political message has more often been drowned out in recent years by others that seek to further entrench the differences rather than erase them. All three of Berlusconi's governments depended on the support of the Northern League, whose raison d'être is greater federalism. Once again, in this election, he is running in an alliance with the League, which objected to celebrations on Italy's 150th anniversary in 2011 because – in its eyes – there was nothing to celebrate. (There were also noises of dissent in the south.)
Amid the country's ambivalent marking of unification, Svimez, an association that charts the economy of the south, said that around 580,000 people – many of them young – had left the Mezzogiorno in the previous decade, driven away from their homeland by lack of prospects.
Last week Adriano Giannola, chairman of the Svimez, called for 'big ideas' from the next government. 'Whoever wins the election and goes on to govern the country must not think solely about the spending review and [economic] rigour,' he said. 'It is clear these are important, but for the south what is needed above all are strategies.'
• This article was amended on 22 February 2013. During the editing process a section was added including the erroneous sentence 'Italy has had more national elections and more governments than any other big European power since the second world war.'
1. The economy
With the effects of austerity taking their toll and fears building about long-term capacity for growth, it is little wonder that Italy's economic situation has taken centre stage in the election campaign.
The country is now in its longest recession in 20 years, the economy having contracted for the last six consecutive quarters and languished in more than a decade of almost non-existent growth. Unemployment is at more than 11%; for under-25s, it is more than 36%. Italy has the second highest ratio of sovereign debt to GDP in the EU.
It could have been worse. In autumn 2011, when Mario Monti took over after years of successive governments largely ignoring the problem, there were fears that the EU's fourth largest economy might fall into the abyss and drag the rest of the eurozone with it. The technocrat government avoided that disaster scenario and has done much to restore the markets' faith in Italy. Late last year, before the spectre of a Silvio Berlusconi comeback unsettled matters, 10-year bond yields were at a two-year low. It has implemented reforms – including of the pension system and labour market – that are viewed as a crucial part of long-term recovery and could, according to the IMF, lead to a 6% increase in GDP if properly implemented.
But economists say much more needs to be done to effect the kind of deep and lasting change needed to get Italy growing again. They focus on Italy's lack of competitiveness; its untapped labour market resources – women and young people; a thorough reform of product markets and of crucial institutions such as the justice and education systems. Only once these have been properly tackled, they say, will Italy be in a position to capitalise on its strengths, which include a strong manufacturing base, successful exporters, relatively low budget deficit and relatively high domestic savings. The big fear, however, is that the election will not usher in a strong, responsible government, but yet more political instability, which Italy can ill afford.
2. Treatment of women
Two years after hundreds of thousands of Italian women took to the streets to protest against Berlusconi's bunga bunga politics, they still have a fight on their hands. Held back by ingrained cultural attitudes, inadequate public services and political under-representation, they may have better educational qualifications than their male counterparts but they are significantly less likely to be in paid work.
Italy's female employment rate is, according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 46.5% – better only than Greece, Mexico and Turkey among advanced economies, and 12 percentage points below the EU average. (The disparity is far more acute in the south than in the north, where childcare provision is better and traditional attitudes less dominant.)
'It's a country in which women are still very connected to a traditional vision of their role. Care work is work principally done by women. So we find ourselves in a situation where women aren't getting work,' said Maddalena Vianello, a leading feminist activist. 'If they get it, statistics show that they are more precarious, worse paid and in professional positions which, let's say, are inferior in relation to their level of education.'
![Rome 2 difficulty effects youtube Rome 2 difficulty effects youtube](/uploads/1/2/3/7/123700385/258452014.png)
The fact that the country's women are a hugely under-utilised resource is starting to gain some traction in political discourse, but the jury is out on whether the next government will translate the rhetoric into action.
One step towards keeping the issue on the agenda would be, of course, a big increase in the number of women in positions of political power. (There is a low base: at the moment, for instance, not one of the country's 50 biggest towns and cities has a female mayor.) According to an analysis of candidate lists published last week, the centre left has responded better to public demand for greater equality, with women making up 39% of the Democratic party's candidates for the lower house of parliament.
3. The justice system
Slow-moving, hugely bloated and sometimes alarmingly politicised, Italy's justice system needs fixing. In a critical report last year, the Council of Europe's top official for human rights, Nils Muiznieks, said Italy could 'ill-afford' such an inefficient system, which is estimated to waste the equivalent of 1% of GDP. 'The complexity and magnitude of the problem is such that Italy needs nothing short of a holistic rethinking of its judicial and procedural system, as well as a shift in judicial culture,' he wrote of the country's 'excessive' court proceedings.
Paula Severino, the justice minister under Mario Monti, attempted to improve the situation by pushing through reforms and cuts she estimated would make savings of €80m and improve efficiency. But she warned that, just as Rome wasn't built in a day, a system that was the product of 150 years of mismanagement and waste was not going to be put right in the short term of a technocratic government.
Italy is one of the most litigious countries in Europe, with more than 2.8m cases brought in 2011 alone, and has by far the most lawyers of any EU country – around 240,000. But the system simply cannot cope. Last year Severino said there were backlogs of 5.5m civil and 3.4m criminal cases waiting to be heard, with the former taking an average of seven to eight years to complete and the latter five. The system is clogged up with a vast number of appeals – Italy's top appeals court reviews more than 80,000 of them a year – and, in 2011, €84m was paid out by the state in compensation for miscarriages of justice and legal delays, along with €46m for people wrongly jailed.
A shockingly high proportion of inmates in Italy's overcrowded prisons are awaiting trial. Meanwhile, others remain free pending appeals against lower court convictions. Berlusconi, for instance, was convicted of tax fraud last year. He is appealing against the verdict and is campaigning for a fourth election victory. Often, by the time defendants have completed the two appeals to which they are entitled, the statute of limitations has expired and the slate is wiped clean.
4. Organised crime and corruption
If there is one industry in Italy that has not suffered from the economic crisis, it is organised crime. It is a sector that booms year in, year out. With three significant mafia organisations – the 'Ndrangheta, the Camorra and the Sicilian mafia – the country remains a hub of organised illicit activity, even if the nature of that activity is changing with the times. Long gone are the days when the scourge was confined to the south; mafiosi now operate throughout the country and beyond. The 'Ndrangheta, for instance, has its roots in Calabria but dominates the European cocaine trade and the huge contracts being put out for tender at Milan's Expo 2015 are under particular scrutiny for signs of mafia involvement.
Long gone too is the image of the gun-toting Godfather-esque gangster: the mafia, while remaining strong in areas such as drug trafficking and prostitution, have also moved into industries such as transport and public health.
During the recession organised crime groups took advantage of ordinary Italians' plight, offering loans to individuals or businesses with extortionate rates of interest, thus making a whole new group of people beholden to them. According to a report last year by anti-crime group SOS Impresa, the people acting effectively as loan sharks are likely to be apparently respectable professionals. 'This is extortion with a clean face,' it said.
Estimates of how much this shadow economy is worth vary wildly. Last year a government-funded report put the figure at €10.5bn, or 0.7% of GDP, while a study by Bocconi University in Milan claimed it was more like 10.9%. Whatever the sum, the problems are clear.
Just as pernicious is the corruption that bleeds the state of billions of euros every year. Twenty years after the Tangentopoli bribery scandal brought an end to Italy's postwar political order or so-called First Republic, the stench of corruption still lingers. Only last week a series of arrests and graft allegations prompted Monti to compare the situation to that of the early 1990s. 'The return of Tangentopoli,' declared La Repubblica in a front-page headline, running an editorial entitled Sins of the Elite.
According to an estimate by the state auditor, corruption siphons off €60bn a year from Italy's public coffers – a sum it has denounced as an 'immoral and hidden tax paid with money stolen from citizens' pockets'. In recent years a series of scandals involving high-profile figures – often politicians – have infuriated people struggling in the recession. Questioned by Transparency International (TI) last year, 65% of people thought corruption had got worse over the past three years and 64% thought the government had been ineffective in attempts to stop it.
In a bid to curb that disillusionment and crack down on graft, Monti's government passed a watered-down anti-corruption law in the autumn increasing jail sentences and banning those convicted (definitively) of corruption from running for public office. It was hailed as a modest step forward but, according to TI, which ranked Italy 72nd of 174 countries in its corruption perceptions index last year, more needs to be done. 'This is a first step. Sometimes it's easy to have the law approved but now Italy needs to implement it,' said its regional spokeswoman, Valentina Rigamonti. 'One of the issues with Italy is we have a very complex legislation; we have huge numbers of laws but most of them are only on paper and there is no implementation. This can give space for corruption.' TI also wants to see more protection for whistleblowers and an independent anti-corruption body, she said.
5. Politics
Italy has had more governments than any other big European power since the second world war. Only one government has lasted the full five-year term since 1945. In this election, the number of different possible outcomes and permutations is daunting even for the most dedicated student of Italian politics. Apathy and disenchantment are rife. 'I've developed a sort of sickness from politics,' said first-time voter Gianmarco Caprio. 'Here in Italy we get so much of it – on TV, or just when you hear people talk in a bar, that one can reach the point of saturation. I've had enough of politics, and of the same politicians that dare to come out and still make the same old populistic claims.'
One outcome, by no means to be ruled out, would neatly encapsulate the vapidity of Italian politics: if the centre-right wins the lower house but no one controls the senate, the most likely upshot would be … further elections. And political and economic mayhem.
6.The north-south divide
In 1861, the year of Italy's birth, unification pioneer Massimo d'Azeglio declared: 'We have made Italy; now we must make Italians.' To what extent this task been accomplished remains, more than 150 years later, unclear. The disparity between wealthy north and poorer south is one of the country's most impervious and worrying problems.
According to the Bank of Italy, GDP per person is more than 40% lower in the south than in the centre and north – a situation that has endured for the past 30 years and has only worsened with the current recession. Unemployment, while on the rise throughout, has become particularly acute in the Mezzogiorno, the southern regions, particularly among young people and women.
In his valedictory New Year's Eve speech, President Giorgio Napolitano repeatedly drew attention to the issue, speaking of the urgent need to invest in the south which, he said, was home to 70% of all children in Italy living in relative poverty. Italy, he stressed, needed a vision of economic growth for 'the whole country'.
Unfortunately this kind of political message has more often been drowned out in recent years by others that seek to further entrench the differences rather than erase them. All three of Berlusconi's governments depended on the support of the Northern League, whose raison d'être is greater federalism. Once again, in this election, he is running in an alliance with the League, which objected to celebrations on Italy's 150th anniversary in 2011 because – in its eyes – there was nothing to celebrate. (There were also noises of dissent in the south.)
Amid the country's ambivalent marking of unification, Svimez, an association that charts the economy of the south, said that around 580,000 people – many of them young – had left the Mezzogiorno in the previous decade, driven away from their homeland by lack of prospects.
Last week Adriano Giannola, chairman of the Svimez, called for 'big ideas' from the next government. 'Whoever wins the election and goes on to govern the country must not think solely about the spending review and [economic] rigour,' he said. 'It is clear these are important, but for the south what is needed above all are strategies.'
• This article was amended on 22 February 2013. During the editing process a section was added including the erroneous sentence 'Italy has had more national elections and more governments than any other big European power since the second world war.'
Total War ROME II: Patch 15
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Patch 15
Build - 13903.584483
Politics and Civil War Improvements
- Civil wars no longer inevitable, instead they are now based on your level of support. Based on your support you can end up having a high, medium or low chance of a civil war occurring each turn. You’ll get warning messages when you reach those levels.
- When a civil war occurs, all the generals and admirals not of your family will go over to the civil war. As will any agents in their armies and the regions their standing in. All other agents and regions then have a chance to join the civil war faction.
- Multiple civil wars can occur through the course of a campaign.
- There are now political support effect bundles. Based on the support for your party you will get an effect bundle that affects your faction. Very low support and you’ll get penalties to morale, public order, research. Very high you’ll get big faction wide bonuses but you’ll also run a higher risk of civil war occurring.
- Political action costs reduced.
- New effect bundles based on your Imperium level that increase political action cost and political incident occurrences, as well as giving your party more support each turn past level 4 Imperium. The effects of technologies that reduce political action cost have been increased.
- Effects of political promotions improved to give gravitas per turn and better bonuses.
- The first level political promotion no longer has any requirements so even basic statesmen can accumulate gravitas and contribute to the political game.
- Core general skills also give gravitas per turn. Want to keep politics balanced? Make sure generals from all the parties are fighting and gaining skills.
- The effects of wives have also been increased.
- New effects from Imperium that increase political action cost and political incident frequency as you gain more power. You will also gain more influence for your party automatically as you get bigger, making it harder and harder to avoid civil wars.
So now it is perfectly possible to avoid civil wars if you manage politics right. You do that via actions, getting promotions or by having generals win battles and skilling up. But as the game goes on and you expand it will be harder and harder to avoid civil wars.
Overhaul Building Changes
The Aim
The aims for these changes are simple:
- Provide more building options for all cultures and more interesting building combinations.
- Make resource regions more important.
- Improve the balance of the late game economy.
- Balance food/squalor so buildings can be upgraded further.
These changes do not apply to existing save games
In order to not break/soft-break save games, the new building changes are only available when starting new campaigns.
Universal changes
These changes affect all cultures.
- Resource chains – have been renamed and their effects improved to make them more important.
- New amber resource chain – appears in some regions in German. Amber will not be a tradeable resource, but the chain will provide a good amount of income.
- Removal of military equipment chains apart from siege engines. Weapon and armour upgrades now come from iron regions. New horse resource chain added to buff cavalry units which is also exclusive to some regions.
- Universal minor industrial chain now only has mine line of buildings. This change has been made because of other chain changes for each culture that have added more industrial focused buildings.
- Splitting of industry and culture income types into manufacturing/mining and entertainment/learning respectively. This is taken advantage of with many of the new building bonuses. For example Gold resource chain gives mining income, and the Roman goldsmith lines gives manufacturing income and a bonus to mining income for the province.
- Garrison units now come from the core settlement building, ports and military chains only. The core settlement chain garrisons have been improved and all now include at least one good quality unit.
- No longer any difference in port and religious chains in major/minor settlements.
- Coffee machine now works.
- Negative bonuses now apply from level 2 in a small form so you can see what those are earlier
- Food penalties removed from lowest level core settlement buildings.
- Number of religious chains has been reduced for all factions so the remaining ones can provide better bonuses.
Barbarians
- Province capital core chain now splits at level 4 into 3 options which allow you to focus the speciality of a province more.
- The minor settlement core chains in non-resource regions now splits into 2 options at level 4 for the same reasons as above.
- New Warrior Lodge chain added for province capitals. The goldsmith building line and tavern building lines have been moved here and a new proving grounds line added. This chain provides income/happiness along with providing buffs for your units.
- Artisan chain split into artisan and craftsmen chain.
- Artisan chain has bronze workshop, new coin maker and new horn maker lines. Bronze workshop line provides recruitment of all melee/spear infantry.
- Craftsmen chain has clay pit, brine distiller and woodworker lines. Woodworker line provides recruitment of all ranged infantry/siege units.
- Both of the above can be built in major and minor settlements. Changes should keep the barbarian flavour of recruiting from diverse chains, but having recruitment focused onto a few lines instead of being so spread out as it was before.
- New minor sanitation chain added, has 2 lines that can be upgraded to level 3.
- Storage pit line now provides a replenishment rate bonus for the province.
- Research chains moved from agriculture to commons chain.
Eastern
- Province capital core building splits into 2 at level 2: the Royal and Satrap lines. The Royal will be more expensive once costs are added in.
- The minor settlement core chains in non-resource regions now splits into 2 options at level 2: trade and garrison lines.
- Infantry military chain merged into one line to make infantry recruitment simpler.
- New military buff chain added, with ranged and cavalry upgrade lines which go to level 3.
- Industrial chain adjusted so it has 3 lines: adobe, new weaving, and new mint ones.
- New water chain, using existing windcatcher and fountain lines, available in major settlements only.
- New town centre chain added for minor settlements. It has trade and game field lines.
- New tax chain added for minor settlements. Splits into tax and road lines. Focused on tax and agent bonuses.
- Herding and granary lines added to agriculture chain. Granary line gives replenishment bonuses.
Greek
- The minor settlement core chains in non-resource regions now splits into 3 options at level 2: farm, market and civic lines.
- Military buff chain now only goes up to level 3.
- Industrial chain adjusted to the following 3 lines: amphorae, goldsmith, mint.
- Granary line added to agricultural chain, gives replenishment bonuses.
- New town centre chain added for minor settlements. It has trade and gymnasia lines.
Roman
- Province capital core building splits into 2 at level 2: the civic and garrison lines.
- The minor settlement core chains in non-resource regions now splits into 3 options at level 2: farm, market and civic lines.
- Military buff chain now only goes up to level 3.
- Industrial chain adjusted to the following 3 lines: amphorae, goldsmith, mint.
- Granary line added to agricultural chain, gives replenishment bonuses.
- New town centre chain added for minor settlements. It has trade and theatre lines.
Special Regions
A new thing that has been introduced are special regions.Effectively regions now have effect bundles that give them certain bonuses. Currently Roma, Carthago, Pella, Pergamon, Antioch and Baktra have these effects. Rome for example gives +2 recruitment slots in that province for owning it and +15% to all income. Carthago has a bonus to commerce income.
Other Campaign Changes
Alongside the extensive building changes are a bunch of other balance changes for the campaign.
- Core income for all factions reduced from 3000 to 1500
- Playable factions get different bonuses to core income. Sparta gets 500 for example, Macedon 1000, Rome 1500. So overall Sparta will have 2000 (1500 base + 500 extra) and Rome 3000 (1500 base + 1500 extra).
- Post-battle settlement occupation options rebalanced.
- Iceni, Roman, Eastern and royal Scythian faction traits adjusted. Iceni captive reduction replaced with small negative to morale in enemy territory. Roman experience bonus for infantry replaced with +1 recruitment slot in all regions. Eastern experience bonus for missile units replaced with +25% ammo. Same for Royal Scythians.
- Besieger attrition reduced.
- Replenishment rates reduced.
- Biephi faction renamed to Apulii.
- Fixed inconsistent messages/outcomes for subjects (faction screen dilemmas).
- Fix for not all factions getting missions, subjects, incidents or dilemmas in all campaigns.
Land Battle Changes
- Units with precursor weapons can now fire at will when stationary.
- The pace of battles and combat has been reduced, and morale values adjusted so battles last longer and are more dynamic.
- Axe and shield animation set based on existing animations added to the game.
- Balancing changes to almost all units.
Naval Battle Balancing Changes
- Speed of all ships reduced.
- Ship artillery accuracy reduced.
- Transport ships ramming damage significantly reduced.
General Improvements
Technical and performance improvements:
Campaign
- A rare crash that occurred when clicking on a ship on the battle minimap, when the ship had already sank has been fixed.
- Fixed a crash in the politics system in Multiplayer Campaign.
- Fixed a variety of Multiplayer Campaign desyncs.
- Fix for a Campaign AI crash.
Campaign AI improvements
- Campaign AI optimisation to increase the speed of AI turns on campaign maps.
- Increased Campaign AI priority for upgrading core building chains.
- Campaign AI priorities for some buildings and units have been changed.
Rome 2 Difficulty Effects Download
General battle improvements
- The Carthago settlement in Hannibal at the Gates will now load the correct walled settlement on the battlefield.
- The Battle of Massilia in Hannibal at the Gates will now load the correct coastal city on the battlefield.
- Axe and shield animation set added.
- Fix some Iberian cavalry having wrong weight category set.
- Fix for Paragon skill losing an effect when levelled up.
- Added Royal Horse Archers to Scythian commander units.
- Fix for square formation animation bug with precursor weapons.
- Improved battle autoresolve handling for ranged and routing units.
- Added Mercenary Dacian Spears to Odrysian multiplayer roster.
General Campaign improvements
- The Sanctuary of the Great Gods Wonder now applies the cultural correct bonus to Balkan factions.
- Falxmen units no longer become un-recruitable after the Artisans Lodging building is upgraded to Blacksmith in the Getae Campaign.
- The penalties of military chains have been tweaked to be food consumption instead of squalor (apart for siege chain).
- Multiple civil wars can now occur.
- Fix for civil wars occurring at wrong power levels.
- Fix for civil war armies appearing in owned settlements.
- Fix for a wrong outcome from a subject in Campaign.
- Fix for some wrong building effects, for example some temples increasing instead of decreasing recruitment costs.
- Fix for Macedon starting food problem.
- Fix for Goitysoros temple chain adding to instead of decreasing cavalry recruitment cost.
- Fix for starving factions at the start of Hannibal at the Gates.
![Download Download](/uploads/1/2/3/7/123700385/453232408.jpg)
Usability Improvements
Campaign
Improved the edges on region overlay in the campaign Tactical map. Making the edges less pixelated.
Vercingetorix is no longer called Caesar on the 'Leader Wounded' event message in Caesar in Gaul.
Balancing Changes
Campaign
- Penalties for level 2 buildings now always -1 instead of sometimes being -2.
- Increased the garrisons for some factions and reprocess main campaign. Will show up over time in new campaigns but start new campaign for best results.
- Further tweaks to replenishment rates have been applied, lowering them slightly.
- Adjusted Nomadic unit recruitment. Melee/shock cavalry now come from Bronze Workshop line. Missile cavalry from Herd line as before.
- Increased movement of Nomadic units on campaign map to 2600/2200 for cavalry/infantry
- Fix for some building effects increasing instead of decreasing costs.
- Tweaked unit recruitment priorities for Roman AI.
- Rebalanced starting buildings in Brundisium
- Reduced cost of core settlement buildings significantly.
Battle
- Reduced general dead morale penalties for the AI.
- Improved javelin ap damage slightly.
- Increased fatigue penalty for use the whip.
- Some run / walk speeds and projectile / melee weapon damage values have been tweaked in battles.
- Changed morale penalty from Screech ability to be a fixed negative.
- Reduced morale hit of flaming and whistling arrows.
- Reduced weapon bonus from craftsman subject event.
- Reduced default rank depth for most units.
- Gave Thureos Spear units and Iberian Swordsmen javelins and increased ammo.
- Reduced Scare and Scares Horses morale effects.
- Added light javelins to Lusitani Guerillas.
- Fix for pike weapon damage values.
- Added in shield armour bonus to shield screen.
Additional Chages with the Emperor Edition
The Imperator Augustus Campaign
Set during the 2nd Triumvirate and starting in 41 BC, this campaign covers the same areas as the Grand Campaign but with revisions to what settlements and provinces there are. There are 10 playable factions:
- Antony’s Rome
- Lepidus’ Rome
- Octavian’s Rome
- Pompey’s Rome
- Iceni
- Marcomanni
- Dacia
- Egypt
- Parthia
- Armenia have also been made playable in the Grand Campaign.
UI Graphical tweaks – Updating the look of the UI to improve immersion and the feel of the game.
Faction Colour Changes – All factions that were in the Grand Campaign have had their colours and icons updated generally to more naturalistic tones.
Trait Changes – lots of changes to what triggers traits, which ones will trigger and their effects.
Character Ages – Changes have been made that mean in the Grand Campaign characters should tend to live for an extra 20-25 years on average.
Known Issues:
If you continue an old Grand Campaign save, during or after a Civil War, the new Politics screen in the Faction Overview will not display correctly, due to the civil war mechanics changing to allow multiple civil wars. These saves can still be continued, but the Politics screen will not be useful in this case.
Technical and performance improvements:
Campaign
- Fix for some end of turn hangs.
- Fixed several crashes that could occur during the end turn sequence.
- Fixed an issue related to politics that could cause an end turn crash.
- Fix for campaign map stuttering when double-clicking on the terrain to move the camera long distances.
- Improved the loading times, loading into Campaigns.
- Updated diplomacy for when the Roman factions speak to each other.
Biology mock test for neet.
Battle AI improvements:
- Optimisations for Battle AI tactics for attacking walls.
- AI controlled elephant units will no longer kill their elephant as soon as it begins to rampage.
Campaign AI improvements
- Campaign AI army management and recruitment adjustments.
- Improved Campaign AI budgeting for construction.
- Improved Campaign AI army management and recruitment.
- Campaign AI controlled armies will no longer remain in forced march stance after being sabotaged.
- Campaign AI will no longer ignore threats when attempting to reach their last settlement to defend it from imminent capture.
- AI controlled armies on the Campaign map are now less likely to stand in forced march nearby players settlements for several turns.
- Increased AI research bonus on Hard and Very Hard difficulty levels.
General battle improvements
- Added Noble Horse Archers, Kartli Axemen, Persian Hoplites, Persian Cavalry and Elite Persian Archers to Armenia's unit roster.
- New custom/multiplayer battle map presets added.
- Tweaked mercenary unit caps in multiplayer.
- Fixed Hoplite Wall exploit.
- Removed Camulodunum and Oracle of Amun Ra battle preset maps.
- Added in loose formation to all Iberian melee and spear infantry.
- Added new pelt helmets to Germanic Officers and Elite units.
- Fix for Bithynian infantry holding swords instead of axes.
- Fixed bug with siege holdout skill giving negative effect.
- Added Mercenary Dacian Spears to Odrysian multiplayer roster.
General Campaign improvements
- Fix for Armenian/Eastern tech military building unlocks.
- Updated Imperium Effect bundles.
- Fix for a Multiplayer Campaign exploit.
- Lots of building effect bug fixing, and religious buildings received big adjustments to their effects.
- Quartered base political action costs, but quadrupled the increases from Imperium.
- Fix for Epona religious chain for Iberians giving the wrong culture type.
- Added replenishment rate bonus for Fortify Stance.
- Fix for Remuneration Reform technology giving bigger bonuses than Cohort Organisation; their bonuses have been swapped.
- The Egypian victory conditions in the Grand Campaign have been updated.
- Certain political actions e.g. 'Reduce senators' would increasing characters gravitas and thus power / influence. The influence cost of these political actions has been set to 0 to make it clearer what is happening, instead of showing an increase.
- Improved Civil War warning message.
- The Rosmerta religious chain bonus to public order from the tax edict will now apply correctly.
- The 'Good Looking' character trait has been given an effect, and the trigger has been restricted to agents.
- Improved the portrait lighting for the advisors and Roman, Barbarian, Eastern, Hellenistic generals.
- Fix for oracle event outcomes having the wrong target.
- Removed movement range bonuses/penalties from season effects.
- Adjustments to eastern building unit recruitment.
- Added missing faction income bonuses to Getae and Odrysian Kingdom in Grand Campaign.
- Fixed multiplayer campaign exploit regarding taxes and public order.
- Added in glass resource to Caesar in Gaul campaign.
- Added auxiliaries to Chorasmia province.
- Removed happiness bonus from Field of Mars.
- Swapped generic Mine Chain penalty from food to squalor.
- Fix for missing political parties for Caesar in Gaul Campaign.
- Fix for Persian Hoplites not being recruitable for Seleucids.
- Fix for Nabia Temple increasing recruitment costs instead of decreasing them.
- Bactria region will now colour correctly.
- Fixed several text bugs.
Usability Improvements
Battle
- Updates to battle grass colours.
- Fix for some tree graphical issues on battlefields.
- Improved battlefield lighting ambiance.
- Updated weather environments for Mediterranean climate, dry and rainy conditions on the battlefield.
- Briton Levy Freemen now look less like Celts.
Campaign
- Various Multiplayer desyncs have been fixed.
- Sea colours edited for all campaigns
- Updates to the looks of the campaign map trees.
- Fix for Seleucids speaking with Roman voices in the Grand Campaign.
- Fixed some character names in the Hannibal at the Gates Campaign
- Fixed a bug in Multiplayer Campaign Diplomacy, which allowed the player to accept an offer before it had been made, and in some cases caused the game to lock up when doing so.
- The Coliseum now has the correct long description.
- Fix for Grand Campaign Persia having wrong mini-map colour.
- Reduced the strength of the sun during sandstorms in desert, reduced saturation of night-time environments.
- Shrank the font size for unit names when displayed in objectives, so they fit better in the available space in the UI.
- Fix for missing % in great marksmen faction trait
Rome 2 Difficulty Effects 2
General
Rome Total War 2 Legendary Difficulty Effects
- Fix when opening browser for Twitch EULA agreement.
- Various UI tweaks.
Balancing Changes
Campaign
- Fix for some wives missing effects.
- Tweaks to ancillary effects
- Tweaks to when corruption will reach max level.
- Reduced anti-corruption bonuses from technology.
- Reduced cumulative culture GDP bonuses from technology.
- Added hull upgrade bonuses to Poseidon temple line.
- Increased Macedon and Seleucid faction income bonuses.
- Adjusted public order penalties/bonuses from Influence and Imperium to be more in-line with buildings. These happiness effects are now listed as Faction on the happiness tooltip in the settlement details panel.
- Adjusted cost of Legionaries, Principes and Legionary Cohort.
- Eastern Horse Archers are now recruitable from level 2 Light Stables.
- Balkan factions now have Cultural Affinity bonus with each other.
- Adjusted happiness penalty from Imperium to one based on presence of foreign cultures.
- Reduced experience gain per turn for agents being deployed or in armies.
- Adjusted recruitment of Painted Ones, Naked Swords and Naked Warriors to be earlier.
- Adjusted the stats for the branches of the Roman city, Eastern city and Eastern generic town chains to give more clear differentiation between the choices.
Battle
- Hoplites speed has been adjusted.
- Adjusted pike balancing.
- Increased melee cavalry attack.
- Big adjustments to unit ability assignments - now fewer units have abilities, and their distribution has been edited.
- Increased the ammo of Scorpion and Polybolos units.
- Reduced reload time of Scorpion units.
- Reduced 'attacked in rear' morale penalty to -30.
- Reduced winning combat significantly morale factor to 20.
- Reduced pike attack cool-down timer to 2.1.
- Reduced acceleration and turn speed of super heavy (cataphract) mount.
- Increased elephant hit points.
- Reduced chariot hit points.
- Reduced melee defence of pike units.
- Reduced morale of most Peltasts units.
- Improved attack of Agrianian Axemen.
- Increased melee defence of Round Shield Swordsmen.
- Increased attack and charge of Falxmen and Thracian Warriors.
- Increased attack and charge of Carthaginian Noble Cavalry.
- Removed disciplined trait from Illyrian Thureos Spears.
- Increased attack and charge of Sword Band.
- Reduced melee defence and hit points of Milita Hoplites, Libyan Hoplites and Late Libyan Hoplites.
- Increased attack and defence of Hastati.
- Changed shield of Cantabrian Cavalry to one with a bigger missile block chance.
- Increased morale and hit points for Etruscan Hoplites.
- Reduced cost of Noble Spearmen.
- AP damage of Kopis increased by 1.
- Reduced damage of recurve bows.
- Removed melee defence bonus from Fighting Spirit ability.
- Removed unbreakable morale from Force Concentration ability.
- Removed fatigue freeze from Relentless ability.
- Reduced fatigue penalty from Rapid Advance ability.
- Duration of the Spirit of the 10th ability reduced by half.
- Reduced speed penalties from fatigue.
- Fixed armour type for Naked swords unit (set to no armour).
- Reduced stats of higher level pikes by -1 attack and -2 melee defence.
- Increased melee attack of Chosen Sword Band, Chosen Swordsmen, Sword Followers, Tribal Warriors, Gallo-Thracian Infantry.
- Increased melee defence of Fierce Swords.
- Reduced melee attack of Axemen and Kartli Axemen.
- Increased melee attack of Scale Throax Hoplites.
- Increased melee attack and charge of Naked Swords.
- Increased melee defence of Ambushers.
- Increased melee attack and charge bonus of Painted Ones and reduced melee defence.
- Increased armour of Elite Persian Archers.
- Increased charge of Kartli Axemen.
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